Citokynes Responses in Humans


 * Challenge of dendritic cells with IV and SP resulted in synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with simultaneous down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine.

IL-6

 * IAV infection resulted in priming of the DCs which subsequently influenced the production of IL-6 following SP infection (KURI et al., 2013).

IL-10

 * Prior IV infection suppressed the IL-10 response independent of the timing of the subsequent SP stimulation (WU et al., 2011).

IL-12

 * Dendritic cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 synergistically to the successive viral and SP challenge (WU et al., 2011).
 * IAV infection resulted in priming of the DCs which subsequently influenced the production of IL-12 following SP infection (KURI et al., 2013).
 * Bacterially infected cells were characterized as the main producers of IL-12 (KURI et al., 2013).

TNF-α

 * Dendritic cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α synergistically to the successive viral and SP challenge (WU et al., 2011).

Type I IFN

 * Type I IFN were primarily responsible for the priming of IL-12 that was observed by infection with IAV. It's a probable mechanism for the elevated levels of particular cytokines observed in IAV and SP CI cell cultures (KURI et al., 2013).

IFN-γ

 * Dendritic cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ synergistically to the successive viral and SP challenge (WU et al., 2011).